Display | display device to become a major key areas of energy-saving design

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Recent trends show that color is rapidly becoming the majority of new mobile phone, PDA and digital camera standard. Color screen, games, Internet browsing and messaging features required by the use of more and more time display, how to effectively support the needs in this area as the power-management device manufacturers focused on "care" object. ON Semiconductor's analog portable and consumer product applications director Bernie Weir, said: "In 2003 the number of mobile phone replacement for the first time than the whole 50% of the total mobile handset sales, these second-and third-generation mobile phone users have a wealth of mobile phone use experience, want the phone to become a color LCD with multi-media voice communications hardware | tools. how we can effectively support the mobile phone color display, Internet browsing, games and send text messages and other functions, in order to increase the time used in LED backlighting is a designer to give priority to One of the major micro-watts of power for each must be careful planning. "

Increasingly high-definition display, the screen shining bright color even more than before, which makes increasing the power consumption of displays, how energy efficiency has become the portable equipment designers need to face a major problem. For energy-saving improvements made to involve almost every corner of the display system. NS company's Asia Pacific marketing manager, display products Chen Yongxin introduced a new technology - Mobile Pixel Link (MPL), which is the baseband processor and the screen / camera between an interface can be connected together on chip to reduce the hinged bit line, thereby reducing the energy of these lines and the consequent loss of electromagnetic interference.

In addition, to provide backlighting for the display of the luminous body is the system power consumption among the largest circuit, its power consumption is the display received more than ten times. Fairchild's technical marketing engineer Enrique Rodriguez said, "in a variety of LCD display backlight programs, LED method by reducing the number of external components such as converters, etc., which can significantly reduce power consumption. In addition, a variety of LED Driver Program are using pulse width modulation (PWM) to reduce the average LED current, thus reducing the power required to drive the circuit. "

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At present, manufacturers are developing more advanced LED charge pump products that enhance the backlight power. "The market demands the current LED charge pump device to the main screen, sub-screen display and at least one RGB display backlight power." Linear's Armstrong said. He noted the design requirements of the ever-expanding product features, "Current accuracy and brightness matching problem is very complicated, although the engineers for the 10% of the current accuracy still capable of acceptance, but they can not match the precision of zero tolerance for more than 5%."

Another place could be further savings in electricity is the camera's preview of the system. Under the current design, even in the preview stage, all image data have to be first sent to a controller, and then returns the display. Transfer data back and forth so completely unnecessary waste of energy because after the image data in the preview will all be deleted. NS newly introduced LCD driver can support a wide video bandwidth, and built-in 2D scaler, so the camera can function in the implementation of preview to establish contacts directly with the display module in order to transfer data. The design is to ensure the camera preview function in the implementation, the baseband processor and the hinged bit can be completely idle, help to further save energy.

Switching devices to eliminate electromagnetic interference with the win-win situation

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In many portable applications, the switching regulator is being replaced by a linear regulator to extend the battery run-time, but the noise and electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems followed. However, many portable devices have a radio circuit and RF receiver, they are very sensitive to noise. Therefore, as a noise generator, switching power supply, is bound to these sensitive circuits is a potential interference. The most common solution is twofold: one to improve circuit design, and second, additional shielding. The traditional solution is to make the noise happen far away from the circuit for noise-sensitive circuitry. However, in today's portable products (such as smart phones), because of the internal layout of the system very closely, this approach is no longer feasible; while additional programs will be shielded because of the cost and size constraints, have become impractical .

Fairchild's Rodriguez said: "The current trend is to use spread-spectrum technology to reduce the EMI of the power of the signal components. In the regulator to use different frequencies can reduce the power components, thereby reducing the amount of EMI." The company's FAN5602 it belongs to a products, it is a common switched-capacitor DC / DC converter that can adjust the resistance values in order to control from the input switch to rapidly charge capacitor amount. This modulation can be the device to minimize peak current, the final and reduce EMI. Luo Zhenhui half the country believes that the efficiency of switched-capacitor regulator continues to improve its practical efficiency and magnetic switching regulators or less, which is to solve electromagnetic interference is a feasible option.

Linear's Armstrong also said that a practical noise reduction technology is to enable DC / DC converters generate high-frequency jitter system clock. This approach coupled with spread-spectrum operation, can take advantage of a pseudo-random number (PRN) sequence of pairs of switching frequency modulation, in order to eliminate narrow-band harmonics. According to him, the company's LTC3251 is realized with a chip on-chip spread-spectrum example. LTC3251 is a 500mA, high efficiency, low noise and no inductor-based step-down DC / DC converters, the spread spectrum oscillator is designed to generate a case-cycle time interval between the random (but fixed 1MHz and 1.6MHz between) the clock pulse and design. This has the advantage of switching noise can be scattered over a large number of frequencies.

Power control function of the convergence trend with charger

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In portable applications, a variety of device integration is inevitable. As the Taiwan power management chip maker RichTek Technology said: "The future space-based needs of small and high-efficiency, integration is imperative." Multi-input, multi-function devices are starting to charge, control and management functions rolled into one. Power controller and power management chips (traditionally are interrelated but independent of each other) is an integrated chip with a number of the charger feature integrated. National Semiconductor's Luozhen Hui said: "We knew this market trend, such as the application processor on the market not only have the required pre-loaded software, but also to gradually more other hardware, such as man-machine interface, machine interface, built-in in the processor. "According to him, the company has been working closely with the application processor vendors committed to provide the market with a highly integrated solution to meet a variety of load requirements.

Fairchild's Rodriguez also pointed out that the design community there is a latest trend is the introduction of these power management unit to the application processor for further power optimization in the future. He said: "To achieve this goal must be to overcome a number of challenges, including the development of an active development plan and to address the increase in cost and power of the thermal characteristics of the problem."

"We're currently offers fully integrated with a battery management capabilities, multi-input, multi-function power management devices." TI's Heyer said, "In addition, the size of the larger power management chip to effectively meet the critical system power demand, market opportunities and increase in quantity and design. For example, power supply with 10 or more channels of devices commonly used in specific designs, such as smart phones or digital cameras. However, the Asian market for smaller sizes, 1 to 3-channel devices, the demand for larger, a linear regulator, such as the integration of DC / DC switching regulator. We think that this demand will continue to exist, because these devices to avoid excessive integration, suitable for different types of applications. "

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Portable products require more advanced power management and battery management in order to minimize power consumption, and energy calculations to find the remaining available energy, or the system when they can once again put into operation methods to optimize the system performance and uptime. In order to get the best price, the new battery-management chip in a single-chip package device integrates all of the battery-management functions. Microchip's battery management products vice president Jim Vernon said: "The charge control, power monitoring and security features for the measurement of temperature, voltage and current demand for a common, single-chip solution eliminates the duplication of functions in the system. This single-chip solution that can provide more benefits, since each feature is independent and can be achieved at the system level battery management, rather than a single component to achieve. "

In addition, there is a trend is the use of USB battery charging for portable devices, portable devices commonly used in lithium-ion batteries will be using this technology. Fairchild's Rodriguez said: "USB 2.0 specification provides for two completely different power classification (high and low), voltage nominal value is 5V, while the surge current to allow the value compared to 500mA. That the data in USB function outside the integrated battery charging function of ability to extend battery life in devices. "

Linear recently unveiled a LTC3455, can meet the standard of USB power under the AC adapter, USB cable and power between the lithium-ion batteries for seamless mobility. The device integrates a fully functional lithium-ion battery charger and two high efficiency synchronous buck converter, the former can provide up to 800mA charge current, which is used to generate the majority of USB peripherals required for low-voltage rail. LTC3455 also provides for microprocessor power-on reset signal, used to supply hot-swappable memory card output, as well as suitable for low-battery comparator or LDO controller gain spare parts.

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Portable Power Management

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For portable applications power | Regulators management is becoming the field of eye-catching highlight of the semiconductor. According to market research firm CIR report released by the market the next few years, the power supply devices for portable applications based on the market prospects are very positive.

Portable devices growing number of new features, power management will be the formation of a large number of new demands. At the same time, portable device manufacturers are facing increasing pressure, they must integrate these features into ever-shrinking in size, the same time it maintained a long working hours.

For example, with the advent of 3G, mobile phones not only to browse the Web, send e-mail, take digital photos, or even to be able to play the video stream, which will bring enormous challenges in power management. Meanwhile, with the acceleration of processor speed, the entire power management program and the various sub-systems must keep pace with this change, providing support for supporting the power. In addition, the new battery technologies, especially micro fuel cell technology commercialization is about to begin, forcing chip makers to rethink the future of the power supply system design.

Correspondingly, these new trends but also the power to create tremendous business opportunities for chip makers, prompting them racked their brains to develop more advanced, with different features and sizes getting smaller and smaller power management solutions to support the increasingly complex system power requirements and new features. To fully understand the depth of today's portable power management applications on the latest trends, this paper specially invited a leading semiconductor company Texas Instruments | Instruments (TI), Fairchild (Fairchild), Linear (Linear), ON Semiconductor, National Semiconductor (NS), Microchip Technology (Microchip) and RichTek Technology to share their insights and wisdom.

Power management device package, to strike a balance between efficiency and cost

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In the terminal equipment of the small size trend, the systems engineer required to power the device must be able to extend battery life and reduce circuit board area. Suppliers in the design of these devices, you need efficiency, package size and cost trade-off between the repeated. Fairchild Semiconductor's Asia Pacific president, Kuo said: "The small package size of the cooling capacity of less than large-size packages, forcing us to improve the efficiency of power conversion devices."

Microchip's Analog and Interface Products Division, senior marketing manager George Paparrizos pointed out that the system design, power depends on the input / output voltage and the difference between the required load current. "As the new digital devices require larger currents, the two main ways to reduce energy consumption only slightly higher than the input voltage for the introduction of the output voltage, or take intelligent control system." He said that the higher power requirements, stimulus that can save space and have a higher thermal performance, a new packaging technology development, but also so that no-lead package (DFN and QFN) popular.

Voltage conversion in portable applications is also increasing the number, it was considered necessary for power conversion using the same high-density packaging. TI Portable Power Management Global Business Marketing Manager Patrick Heyer, said: "The improved packaging technology will continue to work to reduce the footprint area, close to the size of the internal silicon, providing a good thermal conductivity, lower costs and meet the standards of customer processing requirements. More chip packaging technology will be allowed to provide more comprehensive functionality, while minimizing external component count. "

He also pointed out that the wire (Bond wires) will continue to give the solder bump, or other innovative technologies that allow the power chip can withstand high current, high fever and high-frequency signals. Innovative circuit design, performance will be used to create the conditions to improve the characteristics of these features include soft-switching, optimized gate driver, higher precision, higher switching frequency and better control algorithms.

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Most of today's portable devices are present in a variety of charging power supply, in order to narrow the circuit board space to achieve the best efficiency and power management for battery design becomes increasingly complex. Linear's Power Business Unit product marketing manager, Tony Armstrong, said: "Just look at such as digital cameras, MP3 players, GPS receivers and PDA, etc. can be at a glance. Most of these products by the AC adapter, USB interface or a lithium-ion battery-powered. The power supply between the access control is a major challenge. "

He went on to say, engineers have been trying to use discrete components to achieve the above functionality, but it faces great difficulties, such as hot-swappable and can cause serious system problems of surge current. Most battery-powered portable products use a dedicated power supply chips to achieve the battery charging, power of access control, providing multiple supply voltages, and as a true output disconnect and accurate USB current limit such protection. The reasons for adopting this approach is very clear, that only a single device can satisfy all of its power management requirements. However, doing so also has shortcomings, dedicated power supply chips, congenitally deficient lead to very difficult for all the above functions to achieve maximum performance, and made the transition from product design to production time becomes very long.

The field of power management for the future development trend, the National semi-Asia-Pacific portable device power management product marketing manager for Luo Zhenhui that the future power management system should not only focus on the switching regulator of the conversion efficiency, should also carefully consider whether the power management chip stability in bulk supply as well as the package is small, and even a very small package, the chip power consumption, accuracy and noise levels should not be subject to the slightest impact.

Mobile phone flash created a new demand

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Camera phones and other functions in the emergence and continued deepening of the power management of a more serious challenge, because these new features are basically belong to the "energy-hungry" applications. For example, consumers want to be able to capture higher resolution camera phone pictures, and can indoors or in dim ambient light conditions to shoot. These requirements compel designers to start thinking about in the phone configuration flash functions, while the white light led to become the preferred flash light.

For handset design engineers, the white LED has a variety of features they need: small form factor, high-brightness output and to provide flash and continuous video capability lighting, LED vendors have developed specifically for mobile phone flash of high output power LED. However, these high-brightness LED While it is suitable for lighting purposes, but they are also big battery power.

"Although the use of high-power LED to form a visible light of this basic task is simple, but if we do not improve the existing design, it is difficult to build high-performance power supply and current control programs." Linear's Armstrong said. According to him, Linear's LTC3453 is a designed to optimize the efficiency, accuracy and LED current control products designed to examples, suitable for high-current camera flash applications. The product uses synchronous buck - boost-type power architecture and programmable low dropout current sources to regulate LED current.

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The device according to VIN and LED forward voltage synchronous buck, synchronous boost and four-switch buck - boost mode automatically transform between. Each current source has its own independent control loop, and can at a very low LEDx pin voltage regulator under the conditions of current, designed to minimize power consumption. With the synchronous buck - boost topology, "flashlight" mode efficiency up to 90% more than the standard step-up compared to alternative solutions to enhance a rate of 20 ~ 30%.

Fairchild Semiconductor, introduced a highly efficient LED flash driver FMS2000 and FMS2004. Alleged that these devices can flash intensity / duration, reduce red-eye reduction, movie mode, white balance, and the battery voltage compensation features programmable control.

In addition, Microchip's Security, Microcontroller and Technology Division product marketing manager, Fanie Duvenhage also said that flash microcontroller will also play an important role in the solution. He said: "People want to be able to adapt to different flash brightness level to a different order of the flash, and display a different color. This can not be stand-alone power conversion chip, but rather the need for additional programmable microcontroller. However, many Designers do not want to be outside the micro-controller for a power conversion device pays for, so power conversion functions are often included in micro-controller being. "

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U.S. RPI capacitors and batteries developed using carbon nanotubes

New York State Technological University – Kokak klic-5001, Kokak klic-7001 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) announced the development of cellulose and carbon nanotubes by the electric double layer capacitors, as well as the composition of Li-ion battery (in English published data). The thickness of these components is only tens of μm, the thickness of a human hair can be like a paper-bending. RPI researchers that "the future can take advantage of Roll to Roll printing technology manufactured batteries." Technical details will be August 21, 2007 published in the academic journal "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" published.

RPI development of the following results: (1) developed to enable multi-layer carbon nanotubes (MWNT: multi-walled nanotubes) in order to form a brush shape as the main components of cellulose, cellulose membrane; (2) the use of two cellulose membranes made of electric double layer capacitors; (3) using a cellulose membrane and lithium electrode made of lithium batteries.

Cellulose membrane as porous membranes, use of the former need to penetrate up to 25% of the weight ratio of ionic liquids, etc. (RTIL: room-temperature ionic liquid) – [Bmin] [Cl] (1-butyl ,3-methylimidazolium chloride). RPI will be two of the film laminate, so that MWNT brush outwards, and then in the lateral formation of titanium (Ti / Au) film as an electrode, made of electric double layer capacitors. On the other hand, lithium batteries is to give a film together with the lithium Kokak klic-7004, Kokak cr-v3, canon bp-511 electrode paste in the middle clip into lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) ionic liquid electrolyte instead of the outer aluminum foil electrodes attached. Two kinds of components, manufacturing methods were not open.

Electric double layer capacitor used in [Bmin] [Cl] ionic liquid has not volatile and so can be in a larger temperature range stability. Such ionic liquids through cellulose membrane pore diameter of 50 ± 5nm contact with the charge.

In the frozen bank and in vivo work can

The performance of electric double layer capacitor is as follows: electrostatic capacity of 22F / g, maximum operating voltage of 2.3V, the energy density of about 13Wh/kg, capacity of the existing electric double layer capacitor level. The weight per unit area of only 15mg/cm2, very light, and because [Bmin] [Cl] does not contain moisture, so the device operating temperature range is very large, reaching -77 ~ +150 ℃. The device, when the temperature dropped to -196 ℃ Although it is impossible as a capacitor, but the temperature rise after full recovery. RPI is now confirmed that the components in repeated charge and discharge over 100 times, they could still maintain good features.

RPI said that apart from ionic liquids, the use of the component potassium canon nb-2l, canon nb-2lh, canon nb-4l hydroxide (KOH) aqueous solution and human blood, sweat, urine and other body fluids as the electrolyte to achieve the same performance of the work. Therefore, the body is also expected to work as a pacemaker and other equipment with batteries.

Capacitor and rechargeable batteries for hybrid components are also expected to realize

Lithium battery charging voltage up to 3.6V, in order to 10mA / g for a fixed output power of discharge. Battery capacity in the first charging up to 430mAh / g, but the 2nd charge will be reduced to 110mAh / g below.

In the future, RPI plans to build integrated electric double layer capacitors and lithium batteries for hybrid components. The component is estimated to be, "which can play both characteristics of the capacitor and rechargeable batteries fully mixed" (RPI).

Create the world’s largest production base of cathode materials for rechargeable batteries

Jiangmen City U Industrial Co., Ltd. a leading business to nickel-cadmium, nickel metal hydride and lithium ion rechargeable batteries provide more variety of areas of cell materials. Registered capital of 500 million U.S. dollars, a total investment of 1,000 million U.S. dollars. Company’s leading product of casio np-20, casio np-100, minolta np-600 spherical Ni (OH) g product R & D and production and sales volume of China’s first home, second in the world currently has about 50% of domestic market share. Excellent since the establishment of a long industrial average monthly pre-tax sales of more than 30 million yuan.

The company belongs to the State Torch Plan New Material Industry Base in Jiangmen base backbone enterprises, has been focusing on scientific and technological progress in the role of enterprise development, adhere to technology leadership strategy, the industry has always been on the same advanced level of research funding each year invested more than 18 million yuan. Company’s commitment to four Torch Plan in Guangdong Province, industrial research and major special projects undertaken by both the subject of international advanced level. Long U company to participate in the field of secondary battery business is a global leader, currently owns the only cover the domestic nickel-cobalt balls bulk industrial capacity, including follow-cobalt (Ⅲ) products on behalf of Ni-MH, Ni-Cd secondary battery cathode material Division of the highest international standards; company’s products for many years has been in short supply situation, and guide the battery industry’s technological progress and industrial upgrading, and is expected in two to three years, the world’s largest production base of cathode material for rechargeable Sony np-f970, Sony np-bg1 batteries.

Chunlan high-energy battery technology to achieve new breakthroughs in

Relying on the newly formed Jiangsu (Taizhou) Clean Energy Research Institute, recently, Chunlan in power nickel-hydrogen battery electrolyte research breakthrough. It is reported that this is an environmentally friendly, low cost, safe and efficient nickel-metal hydride battery electrolyte, electrochemical energy storage and energy conversion has an important role.

Related information, high-power, high-energy battery energy storage and conversion is a very complex electrochemical process, which requires not only an advanced new types of technology, equipment and materials, but also need to have a wide field of scientific research personnel, interdisciplinary knowledge, as It requires a variety of knowledge convergence and multiple experiments can be achieved breakthrough progress.

Battery experts said that a number of tests proved that Chunlan developed the electrolyte applied to the power of this new nickel-metal hydride batteries, the battery has a better charge-discharge cycle characteristics, the battery anode material is less corrosive, there is no clear pink nikon en-el3, nikon en-el4 , nikon en-el4a, and its energy storage type power than ordinary Ni-MH battery with more than 25%, the conversion efficiency of more than 10% higher, and there is no harm to the environment.

It is understood that Chunlan from 1993 began to implement the new energy plan, Energy Engineering Center was established in 1997, in-depth study of nickel-metal hydride battery and its basic technology; in 2002, creating the first one with independent intellectual property rights of domestic power nickel-metal hydride battery; 2003 years of commitment to the State "15" 863 major projects planned high-speed maglev train, "Ni-MH battery applied research" subjects; 2004 commitment to the State Development and Reform Commission Enterprise Technology Center innovation capacity-building projects "Nickel hydrogen power research and development capacity-building" tasks; 2005 the first in China for auto-motive power assembly design concept, has formed a patent 32, enterprise standard 5; 2006 commitment to national "Eleventh Five-Year" Plan 863 energy-saving and new energy vehicles on major projects, "hybrid electric vehicle nickel metal hydride Power supply system development and large-scale applications "subject; in 2007, within its Enterprise Institute set up in Jiangsu (Taizhou) Clean Energy Research Institute – energy storage and conversion applications engineering technology research center. At present, Chunlan in power Ni-MH battery (group) and its power management system is already in the domestic olympus li-10b, olympus li-12b, samsung sb-lsm160 leading position.

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The development lead-acid battery industry

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(B) the increasing trend in lead-acid batteries

To seize the market for expanding the size of lead-acid vgp-bps2 , vgp-bps2a battery industry, and strive to the 2010 annual production of about 131.75 million KVAH, sales income of 66 billion yuan.

(C) The focus of development lead-acid batteries

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